tag on yout theme's header.php Read the detailed step-by-step at https://humbertosilva.com/visual-composer-infinite-image-carousel/ */ // auxiliary code to create triggers for the add and remove class for later use (function($){ $.each(["addClass","removeClass"],function(i,methodname){ var oldmethod = $.fn[methodname]; $.fn[methodname] = function(){ oldmethod.apply( this, arguments ); this.trigger(methodname+"change"); return this; } }); })(jQuery); // main function for the infinite loop function vc_custominfiniteloop_init(vc_cil_element_id){ var vc_element = '#' + vc_cil_element_id; // because we're using this more than once let's create a variable for it window.maxItens = jQuery(vc_element).data('per-view'); // max visible items defined window.addedItens = 0; // auxiliary counter for added itens to the end // go to slides and duplicate them to the end to fill space jQuery(vc_element).find('.vc_carousel-slideline-inner').find('.vc_item').each(function(){ // we only need to duplicate the first visible images if (window.addedItens < window.maxItens) { if (window.addedItens == 0 ) { // the fisrt added slide will need a trigger so we know it ended and make it "restart" without animation jQuery(this).clone().addClass('vc_custominfiniteloop_restart').removeClass('vc_active').appendTo(jQuery(this).parent()); } else { jQuery(this).clone().removeClass('vc_active').appendTo(jQuery(this).parent()); } window.addedItens++; } }); // add the trigger so we know when to "restart" the animation without the knowing about it jQuery('.vc_custominfiniteloop_restart').bind('addClasschange', null, function(){ // navigate to the carousel element , I know, its ugly ... var vc_carousel = jQuery(this).parent().parent().parent().parent(); // first we temporarily change the animation speed to zero jQuery(vc_carousel).data('vc.carousel').transition_speed = 0; // make the slider go to the first slide without animation and because the fist set of images shown // are the same that are being shown now the slider is now "restarted" without that being visible jQuery(vc_carousel).data('vc.carousel').to(0); // allow the carousel to go to the first image and restore the original speed setTimeout("vc_cil_restore_transition_speed('"+jQuery(vc_carousel).prop('id')+"')",100); }); } // restore original speed setting of vc_carousel function vc_cil_restore_transition_speed(element_id){ // after inspecting the original source code the value of 600 is defined there so we put back the original here jQuery('#' + element_id).data('vc.carousel').transition_speed = 600; } // init jQuery(document).ready(function(){ // find all vc_carousel with the defined class and turn them into infine loop jQuery('.vc_custominfiniteloop').find('div[data-ride="vc_carousel"]').each(function(){ // allow time for the slider to be built on the page // because the slider is "long" we can wait a bit before adding images and events needed var vc_cil_element = jQuery(this).prop("id"); if (window.innerWidth <= 480) { // jQuery(vc_element).attr('data-per-view',1); jQuery('.vc_item').each(function(){ this.style.width = '25%' this.style.height = 'auto' }) } else { setTimeout("vc_custominfiniteloop_init('"+vc_cil_element+"')",2000); } }); }); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-TZHJ474'); var interval1 = setInterval(function(){ //console.log('ou no interval'); 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Valle, D.; Phillips, P.; Vidal, E.; Schulze, M.; Grogan, J.; Sales, M.; Gardingen, P. 2007. Adaptation of a spatially explicit individual tree-based growth and yield model and long-term comparison between reduced-impact and conventional logging in eastern Amazonia, Brazil. Forest Ecology and Management (Volume 243, Issues 2–3, 31 May 2007, Pages 187-198). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2007.02.023

Abstract

Timber logging is one of the main land uses in the Brazilian Amazon. Despite its recognized potential as a sustainable activity, logging is generally conducted in an unsustainable or predatory manner, with significant negative environmental impact. There is increasing pressure to adopt more sustainable practices and reduced-impact logging (RIL) is gaining acceptance as a more environmentally benign alternative to unplanned, conventional logging (CL). Comparisons of these two harvest systems have largely focused on differences in efficiency (financial) and immediate impacts on stand structure, residual timber stocks and the physical environment.

Growth and yield simulation models allow long-term predictions about the response of forests to disturbance from harvesting, information that is essential to determine the effects of different management systems and to establish systems for the regulation or control of timber that are compatible with sustainable forest management. We describe the calibration of a spatially explicit individual tree-based ecological model within the SYMFOR/SIMFLORA framework for forests located near Paragominas in eastern Amazonia. Data originated from an experiment comparing RIL to CL within an area of 73.5 ha monitored over a period of 10 years. We evaluated biological realism and accuracy of the model, concluding that forest dynamics are adequately represented.

This model was used to evaluate long-term effects of RIL and CL on the forest. Our results suggest that total and commercial volume recovery following RIL are faster than following CL; it takes 10 and 30–40 years to recover total and commercial volume under RIL while under CL it takes 35–40 and over 60 years, respectively. Despite benefits from RIL, as currently practiced this logging system does not result in long-term sustained timber yields, reinforcing results from previous studies indicating that RIL must be combined with appropriate systems for yield regulation.

In the absence of silvicultural treatments, the model suggests that successive RIL harvests at current intensities will produce stands dominated by pioneer species groups, with few trees belonging to the emergent species group, and an increased proportion of defective trees in commercial size classes. These changes in stand composition present challenges to the long-term financial viability of RIL as currently applied in the Amazon region.

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