tag on yout theme's header.php Read the detailed step-by-step at https://humbertosilva.com/visual-composer-infinite-image-carousel/ */ // auxiliary code to create triggers for the add and remove class for later use (function($){ $.each(["addClass","removeClass"],function(i,methodname){ var oldmethod = $.fn[methodname]; $.fn[methodname] = function(){ oldmethod.apply( this, arguments ); this.trigger(methodname+"change"); return this; } }); })(jQuery); // main function for the infinite loop function vc_custominfiniteloop_init(vc_cil_element_id){ var vc_element = '#' + vc_cil_element_id; // because we're using this more than once let's create a variable for it window.maxItens = jQuery(vc_element).data('per-view'); // max visible items defined window.addedItens = 0; // auxiliary counter for added itens to the end // go to slides and duplicate them to the end to fill space jQuery(vc_element).find('.vc_carousel-slideline-inner').find('.vc_item').each(function(){ // we only need to duplicate the first visible images if (window.addedItens < window.maxItens) { if (window.addedItens == 0 ) { // the fisrt added slide will need a trigger so we know it ended and make it "restart" without animation jQuery(this).clone().addClass('vc_custominfiniteloop_restart').removeClass('vc_active').appendTo(jQuery(this).parent()); } else { jQuery(this).clone().removeClass('vc_active').appendTo(jQuery(this).parent()); } window.addedItens++; } }); // add the trigger so we know when to "restart" the animation without the knowing about it jQuery('.vc_custominfiniteloop_restart').bind('addClasschange', null, function(){ // navigate to the carousel element , I know, its ugly ... var vc_carousel = jQuery(this).parent().parent().parent().parent(); // first we temporarily change the animation speed to zero jQuery(vc_carousel).data('vc.carousel').transition_speed = 0; // make the slider go to the first slide without animation and because the fist set of images shown // are the same that are being shown now the slider is now "restarted" without that being visible jQuery(vc_carousel).data('vc.carousel').to(0); // allow the carousel to go to the first image and restore the original speed setTimeout("vc_cil_restore_transition_speed('"+jQuery(vc_carousel).prop('id')+"')",100); }); } // restore original speed setting of vc_carousel function vc_cil_restore_transition_speed(element_id){ // after inspecting the original source code the value of 600 is defined there so we put back the original here jQuery('#' + element_id).data('vc.carousel').transition_speed = 600; } // init jQuery(document).ready(function(){ // find all vc_carousel with the defined class and turn them into infine loop jQuery('.vc_custominfiniteloop').find('div[data-ride="vc_carousel"]').each(function(){ // allow time for the slider to be built on the page // because the slider is "long" we can wait a bit before adding images and events needed var vc_cil_element = jQuery(this).prop("id"); if (window.innerWidth <= 480) { // jQuery(vc_element).attr('data-per-view',1); jQuery('.vc_item').each(function(){ this.style.width = '25%' this.style.height = 'auto' }) } else { setTimeout("vc_custominfiniteloop_init('"+vc_cil_element+"')",2000); } }); }); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-TZHJ474'); var interval1 = setInterval(function(){ //console.log('ou no interval'); 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Título Ranching in the Brazilian Amazon in a national context: economics, policy and practice
Autores Eugenio Yatsuda Arima
Christopher Uhl
Ano de publicação 1997
DOI https://doi.org/10.1080/08941929709381043

Arima, E., & Uhl, C. 1997. Ranching in the Brazilian Amazon in a national context: Economics, policy, and practice. Society Natural Resources, 10(5), 433-451. Routledge.

Resumo 5vp42

The ranching sector is dynamic in the Brazilian Amazon and the approaches and environments used to raise cattle are diverse. Ranching occurs in natural grasslands at the mouth of the Amazon River, floodplains along the Amazon River, and interfluvial (nonflooded) lands where forest has been cut and replaced by pasture. We found that traditional extensive style approaches to ranching are lucrative in all three Amazonian settings. Moreover, returns on ranching investments improved when ranchers specialized in range fattening (upland areas) or calf production (natural grasslands). Returns on ranching also improved when weed-infested upland pastures were rejuvenated through tilling, planting better adapted forages, and fertilizing. The eastern Amazon offers several advantages over the traditional ranching regions in central and south Brazil. We discuss these advantages and concrete measures aimed at encouraging the intensification of ranching in Amazonia.


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